How was the“rights liberalism”of this era different from the “welfare liberalism” of the 1930s and 1940s?

Answer :

Rights liberalism was leading in the Civil Rights movements that started in the second half of the 20th century in the USA.  Rights liberalism concentrated on getting equal political and social rights by persons of color and by women, who were not being allowed equal rights at the time. Welfare liberalism of the 1930s and 1940s intended at giving for the primary demands of all citizens, restricting people from failing in poverty, giving work opportunities and Social Security for all.  The purpose was to build a more socially stable society to help any members of society that would be in need.

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.