Dramatic plots are sometimes propelled by irony, or the fulfillment of a plan, action, or expectation in a surprising way, often the
opposite of what the characters intend.
a. situational b. verbal c. dramatic

dramatic

Explanation:

because it propels excitement in the story or book and also. because the reader will almost always know something the character or characters don't

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !