4.2 Describe how three-dimensional space is represented on a flat surface using perspective. By means of illusion, a sense of depth, or three dimensions, can be achieved on a flat surface. There are many ways to create such an illusion, and an artist will often use more than one such technique for creating depth in a single work. Perspective is a system that allows the picture plane to function as a window through which a specific scene is presented to the viewer. What is a vanishing point? How is two-point linear perspective used? How does Gustave Caillebotte create an illusion of real space in his painting Place de l’Europe on a Rainy Day?