Which type of relationship exists between non-native kudzu and native tress and shrubs

a) mutualism

b) parasitism

c) competition

d) commensalism

The correct answer is - b) parasitism.

The kudzu is a plant that has adapted to get stuck to the other plants, usually trees and bigger shrubs, and get nutrients and water through them. In this way, the kudzu shows elements of parasitism, as it is using a host plant in order to satisfy its needs.

The native plants and shrubs will have a big problem with an introduction of the kudzu in their environment. They will not have a defense mechanism, and the kudzu will spread out very quickly and suck the nutrients and water out of them, hindering their growth and even killing them over the coarse of longer period of time.

This would be a prime example of parasitic relationship between the kudzu and the native plants.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

the correct answer is 4) heat and pressure

metamorphic rocks arise from transformation of existing rocks types, in a process called metamorphism. during metamorphism the original rock(prolith) change into metamorphic rock by heating (150-200c) and pressure of more than 1000 bar. the original rock can be sedimentary, igneous, or existing metamorphic rock.