How can you direct the fired proton's path downward?
a.
place an electron above the original path
c.
place a proton below the original path
b.
place a proton above the original path
d.
place a proton directly on the original path

B. Place a proton above the original path

Explanation:

Like charges would repel one another. Unlike charges would attract.

When the proton is placed above the original path, it repels the fired proton and thereby goes downward.

the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.