why it is so much more common for males rather then females to have x linked disorders like color blindness or hemophilia

Because male chromosomes are XY, compared to females having two Xs (XX). If a female has an x-linked disorder to one of their Xs, the other X will be able to cover for that shortcoming. Males on the other hand do not have another X, thus, those disorders are expressed.

answer: - few nutrients

high pressure

low temperatures

explanation: 1. few nutrients:   open-ocean zone is located way far from the land, which is the main source of the essential nutrients.2. high pressure: pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters increase in depth.3. ample sunlight: a large fraction of the sunlight is reflected back to the atmosphere from the sea surface. 4. varying salinity: below the thermocline, the water is isolated from the atmosphere so the salinity remains stable over the year.5. low temperatures:   the temperature of open-ocean zone ranges from a low of -2°c to an average of 17°c