Chemical analysis of the oxygen isotopes in foraminifera shells allow scientists to create a climate record like the one shown here. The chemical composition of shells depends on the temperature of the surrounding water and the presence or absence of large polar ice sheets.

The tasmanian devil, a marsupial carnivore, is facing extinction due to devil facial tumor disease (dftd) which causes bulging cancerous lumps and lesions to erupt around the face and neck — often causing enough deformation to make seeing or eating difficult. dftd has evolved into a contagious cancer, a trait that is unique among cancers. devil mating behavior involves biting around the head and neck, allowing cells from one individual — especially cells from the crumbly dftd tumors — to be transferred to the wounds or face of a new individual. this marsupial was once found across australia, but sea levels rose, isolating the tasmanian population, while the australian population went extinct. what would be an outcome of genetic isolation that is likely to have impacted the spread of dftd? a) reduced territory puts diseased individuals in greater contact with non-diseased ones. b) inbreeding results in less variation in facial features so the cancer is generally fatal. c) genetic isolation has made it difficult for scientists to develop a vaccine against dftd. d) the lack of genetic variation in the immune system of tasmanian devils minimizes resistance to the disease.

What are the fixed alleles in the human species? o a. the alleles that are on the most chromosomes b. the alleles that change most often 000 c. the alleles that no one has d. the alleles that everyone has

Describe how a non-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacterium can produce a bacterium that is resistant to methicillin