1. The cells in our bodies are surrounded by these types of solutions. 3. When an animal cell is places in this solution, it will burst (get layer)

4. When an animal cell is placed in this solution, it will shrivel or shrink (get smaller).

A) isotonic solution
B) hypertonic solution
C) hypotonic solution

1. The cells in our bodies are surrounded by these types of solutions. → Isotonic solution.

3. When an animal cell is places in this solution, it will burst (get layer)  → Hypotonic solution.

4. When an animal cell is placed in this solution, it will shrivel or shrink (get smaller) → Hypertonic solution.

Explanation:

The cells in the body are in a balance of substances —concentration of solutes— between their cytoplasm and the extracellular space. This balance is dynamic in living beings, due to the constant exchange of ions and substances between the intracellular and extracellular space.  For this reason, the extracellular medium is isotonic with the cytoplasm.

A cell can lose or gain water depending on the amount of solutes that a medium has in which it is found, with respect to the cytoplasm. This difference in solutes concentrations produces an osmotic gradient that drags water from the least concentrated solution to the most concentrated, through the process of osmosis, which seeks to achieve an equilibrium of concentrations.

In practice, the concentrations of intracellular and extracellular solutes depend not only on the osmotic gradient, but also on the concentration gradient of substances.

explanation:

for  example, forests have higher evapotranspiration than other ecosystems,  such  as grasslands, because of their deeper roots and greater leaf area. thus forests have a net moistening effect on the atmosphere and become a moisture source for downwind ecosystems.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.