Marginal and average tax rates: Use the tax rate taken from Exhibit 11.6 to calculate the average tax rate for Lansing, Inc., this year. Lansing's pretax income was $275,000. (Round final answer to nearest whole percent.)

Exhibit 11.6 U. S. Corporate Tax Rate Schedule in 2007
Taxable Income
More Than But Not More Than

Tax Owed
$0 $50,000

15% of amount beyond $0
$50,000
$75,000
$7,500 +
25% of amount beyond $50,000
$75,000
$100,000
$13,750 +
34% of amount beyond $75,000
$100,000
$335,000 $22,250 +
39% of amount beyond $100,000
$335,000
$10,000,000
$113,900 +
34% of amount beyond $335,000
$10,000,000
$15,000,000
$3,400,000 +
35% of amount beyond $10,000,000
$15,000,000
$18,333,333
$5,150,000 +
38% of amount beyond $15,000,000
$18,333,333

35% on all income

Which of the following are considered needs? check all that apply

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Six years ago, an 80-kw diesel electric set cost $160,000. the cost index for this class of equipment six years ago was 187 and is now 194. the cost-capacity factor is 0.6. the plant engineering staff is considering a 120-kw unit of the same general design to power a small isolated plant. assume we want to add a precompressor, which (when isolated and estimated separately) currently costs $13291. determine the total cost of the 120-kw unit. (hint: skip $ and comma symbols)