In the industrial age, fresh mass markets developed for new and inexpensive brands of luxury and convenience goods called

consumer packaged goods (CPG)

CPG generally refer to perishable goods such as packaged foods, beverages, toiletries, cleaning products, non-prescription medicines, etc., that are produced and sold quickly, and for a fairly low cost. These goods are generally everyday use products that are frequently repurchased by consumers. Consumer packaged goods are different from durable goods (e.g. microwave, television, air-conditioner) with the latter not being frequently repurchased by consumers.

answer (b); /// a method of measuring the opinions of a large group of people by selecting a subset of the larger group, asking them a set of questions and then generalizing those responses;