Who discovered penicillin and why were chemist important in turning penicillin into a widely used life-saving medicine

Iknow the answer to 13 is b and 14 is d. i just need to know why the correct answers are correct

In a spacecraft, the following reaction occurs: co2(g) + 2lioh(s) -> lico3(s) + h2o(i) (i attached picture of equation) how many liters of carbon dioxide will 4 moles of lithium hydroxide (lioh) absorb? (one mole of any gads occupies 22.4 l under certain conditions of temperature and pressure. assume those conditions for this equation.) 45l 6.0l 3.0l 34l

Imagine that twenty i.u.’s of enzyme z were catalyzing the above reaction for one minute, under vmaxconditions, in a 3.00 ml assay volume. the assay is buffered with 20 mm phosphate buffer, ph 7.60. what will the ph be at the end of that one minute?