In the haber reaction, patented by german chemist fritz haber in 1908, dinitrogen gas combines with dihydrogen gas to produce gaseous ammonia. this reaction is now the first step taken to make most of the world's fertilizer. suppose a chemical engineer studying a new catalyst for the haber reaction finds that 284. liters per second of dinitrogen are consumed when the reaction is run at 196.°c and 0.75atm . calculate the rate at which ammonia is being produced. give your answer in kilograms per second. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.

Explanation:

1) Word equation (given):

•Dinitrogen gas + dihydrogen gas → gaseous ammonia.

2) Chemical equation:

•N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) → 2NH₃ (g)

3) Mole ratios:

•1 mole N₂ (g) : 3 mole H₂ (g) : 2 mole NH₃ (g)

4) Reaction rates:

•Rate of dinitrogen consumption: r₁ = n₁ / t (moles/s)

•Rate of ammonia production: r₂ = n₂ / t (moles/s)

•Due to the stoichiometric ratios: r₂ = 2 × r₁

5) Calculate r₁:

•284 liter / s

•PV = nRT ⇒ n = PV / (RT)

•Divide by time, t: n/t = P (V/t) / (RT)

•Substitute V/t = 284 liter/s, P = 0.75 atm, and T = 196 +273.15K = 469.15K

r₁ = n₁ / t = (0.75 atm) (284 liter/s) / [ (0.08206 atm-liter/K-mol) (469.15k) ]

= 5.53 moles/s

6) Calcualte r₂

7) Convert rate in mole/s to rate in kg/s

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms