Which of the following combinations of elements will have a dipole moment? oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N)

antimony (Sb) and tellurium (Te)

germanium (Ge) and tin (Sn)

phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As)

The correct option is;

Oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N)

Explanation:

Dipole moments take place when there are separated charges such as between  ionic bond ions or covalent bond atoms due to electronegaivity differences, such that dipole moment is directly proportional to electronegativity

From the electronegativity series we have

Oxygen = 3.44 Nitrogen = 3.04, Difference = 0.4

Sb = 2.05 Te = 2.1, Difference = 0.05

Sn = 1.96 Ge = 2.01, Difference = 0.05

P = 2.19 As = 2.18, Difference = 0.01

Therefore, oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) is more likely to have a dipole moment.

gas

explanation:

smoke is the matter of a gas

substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon:

- the single bond remains single. a is wrong.

- the bond with hydrogen is as strong as with a halogen. c is wrong

- a hydrocarbon is saturated if there is no double bond. we do not know that so d is wrong.

- carbon will always have four valence electrons. e is wrong.

by elimination, the correct answer is b. the boiling point of the new compound increases.