Is a term used to refer to the observation that any change, even a small one, in the requirements for items at the top of the bill of material can have drastic effects on items further down the bill of material.

Consider a slotted aloha system, where the time slot equals the fixed duration of each packet. assume that there are 4 stations a,b,c,d sharing the medium. (a) stations a,b,c,d receive one packet each from higher layers at times 1.3, 1.5, 2.6,5.7 respectively. show which transmissions take place when, according to the slottedaloha protocol; describe all transmissions until all four packets have been successful.when needed, each station has access to the following sequence of random number, provided by a random number generator and drawn uniformly between 0 and 1: (1) station a draws numbers: 0.31, 0.27, 0.78, 0.9, 0.9, 0.11, 0. (2) station b draws numbers: 0.45, 0.28, 0.11, 0.83, 0.37, 0.22, 0. (3)station c draws numbers: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0. (4) station d draws numbers: 0.36, 0.77, 0.9, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0. (b) in slotted aloha, a station transmits in each time slot with a given probability. what probabilities would you assign to each of the four stations so as to: (i) maximize the efficiency of the protocol? (ii) maximize fairness among the four stations? (c) will the efficiency increase or decrease if we modify slotted aloha as follows: (i) get rid of slots and allow stations to transmit immediately? (ii) implement carrier sensing? (iii) implement collision detection? (iv) implement collision avoidance?

You need to design a circuit that implements the functions in the following table: s0 s1 function0 0 a + 10 1 a – b1 0 a + b1 1 a – 1s0 and s1 are 1-bit control inputs to select the function of the circuit. inputs a and b are 4-bitnumbers in 2s complement form. the output is also a 4-bit number in 2s complement form.you are allowed to use only one ttl 7483 4-bit adder to implement all the functions. but anynumber of other components (except the adder) can be used.hint: design a combinational logic circuit to modify the input b and the “carry input” of theadder depending on the control inputs s0 and s1.important: lab grade will depend on the working of the circuit & will be checked of by your labinstructor.1. is the output valid for the following input combinations: a. s0 = 0, s1 = 0, a = 7, b = 3? b. s0 = 0, s1 = 1, a = 7, b = 3? c. s0 = 1, s1 = 0, a = -4, b = -5? d. s0 = 1, s1 = 1, a = -8, b = 6? 2. what is the range of inputs (for both a and b) that will produce the valid output for all the functions?

What are ways to switch windows in excel? check all that apply. on the status bar, click the windows button, and then click the file name. on the task bar, click to display the excel jump list, and then click the file name. on the view tab, in the window group, click switch windows, and then click the file name. on the review tab, in the viewing group, click files, and then click the file name.