Abenefit of ipsec is
1. that it is below the transport layer and transparent to applications
2. there is no need to revoke keying material when users leave the organization
3. it can provide security for individual users if needed
4. all of the above

Option (4) is correct answer

Explanation:

IPsec stands for Internet protocol security. It is a protocol that works between two communication points. It provides integrity, confidentiality and data authentication for any network. It is used for Virtual private network.  There are two types of VPN, From which an organization needs to choose one.

IPsec and OpenSSl in which IPsec VPN uses IP security.

Benefits of this network are as follows--

Option 1 states that it works after the transport layer which is true.Option 2 states that when any user leaves the organization they have no need to take back the martial which he had already provided to the organization which is also the benefit of IPsec.Option 3 states that it provides security that is also correct because it is a protocol that is designed to provide security.

Hence option D (all of the above ) are correct.

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