Modern file systems use what component to describe information about files, such as time stamps and file attributes?

Metadata

Explanation:

Metadata is data about data. It can be considered as the information that describes or provides more meaning to other information or data. The use of metadata ranges from files to webpages and other files. For example, a file can have size, date modified, author and other attributes, these attributes are the metadata of the file.

Metadata are good descriptors of other data and help in analysis and search.

answer; i believe the correct answer is (a) all trenches must have access/egress;