A Board approved Safety manual for Airport Security is an example of .a. formal upward messageb. formal downward messagec. formal lateral messaged. informal grapevine message

B- Formal downward message

Explanation:

A formal downward message is a form if Communication in which information and messages sent flow down through an organization's formal chain of command to the employees.

Downward communication is when information is convey to employee pertaining to organization's objective or goals.

Thr objective of downward communication is to communicate organizational goals, plans, policies and procedures to the employees.

Board approved Safety manual for Airport Security is an example of formal downward message because the organisation or board approved safety manual to their employee which is the Airport security.

solution:

this situation is called an ip conflict.

data from a server is sent in small bits called packets. in an ip conflict, some packets will end up in one computer while some other packets will end up in another computer.

so…overall none of the computers get the data as the original message or picture being sent by the server cannot be retrieved with only half the packets. so it will show up as an error.

thus the final answer is d.