Vitually all programming languages have certain things in common. The fundamental concepts of programming are the same, no matter what language you do them in. In this chapter, we'll investigate what you need to know before you start writing any programs at all. For instance:

The “rule of 72” is used to approximate the time required for prices to double due to inflation. if the inflation rate is r%, then the rule of 72 estimates that prices will double in 72/r years. for instance, at an inflation rate of 6%, prices double in about 72/6 or 12 years. write a program to test the accuracy of this rule. for each interest rate from 1% to 20%, the program should display the rounded value of 72/r and the actual number of years required for prices to double at an r% inflation rate. (assume prices increase at the end of each year.)

Researchers measured the data speeds for a particular smartphone carrier at 50 airports. the highest speed measured was 78.1 mbps. the complete list of 50 data speeds has a mean of x overbarequals16.11 mbps and a standard deviation of sequals18.65 mbps. a. what is the difference between carrier's highest data speed and the mean of all 50 data speeds? b. how many standard deviations is that [the difference found in part (a)]? c. convert the carrier's highest data speed to a z score. d. if we consider data speeds that convert to z scores between minus2 and 2 to be neither significantly low nor significantly high, is the carrier's highest data speed significant? a. the difference is nothing mbps.

Before you record your own voice, you should a. record other people's voices b. warm up and practice difficult names c. listen to your favorite songs d. read a transcript of a good radio news segment