What is the relationship between interoperability and the other quality attributes highlighted in this book? For example, if two systems failed to exchange information properly, could a security flaw result? What other quality attributes strongly related (at least potentially) to interoperability?

Interoperability is the ability of or degree to which two or more systems usefully exchange information via interfaces in particular context. Interoperability can be defined in two ways which includes the ability to exchange data (syntactic interoperability) and also the ability to correctly interpret the data being exchanged (semantic interoperability).

If two systems failed to exchange information properly, it means they are not clear to interpret and not easy to communicate and get proper information from each other and that might result in a failed communication which is in turn result in security flaw.

Other quality attributes strongly related (at least potentially) to interoperability is Application Programming Interface (API)

API is a software intermediary that allows two applications to communicate to each other and are necessary for systems interoperability.