What is an electric spike? an event in which electricity coming into a device exceeds 120 volts for three or more nanoseconds an event in which electricity coming into a device exceeds 120 volts for one or two nanoseconds an event in which electricity coming into a device exceeds 140 volts for five nanoseconds an event in which electricity coming into a device exceeds 140 volts for six nanoseconds

Explanation:

Our technological world has become deeply dependent upon the continuous availability of electrical power. In most countries, commercial power is made available via nationwide grids, interconnecting numerous generating stations to the loads. The grid must supply basic national needs of residential, lighting, heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, and transportation as well as critical supply to governmental, industrial, financial, commercial, medical and communications communities. Commercial power literally enables today’s modern world to function at its busy pace. Sophisticated technology has reached deeply into our homes and careers, and with the advent of e-commerce is continually changing the way we interact with the rest of the world. Intelligent technology demands power that is free of interruption or disturbance. The consequences of large-scale power incidents are well documented. A recent study in the USA has shown that industrial and digital business firms are losing $45.7 billion per year due to power interruptions.1 Across all business sectors, an estimated $104 billion to $164 billion is lost due to interruptions with another $15 billion to $24 billion due to all other power quality problems. In industrial automatic processing, whole production lines can go out of control, creating hazardous situations for onsite personnel and expensive material waste. Loss of processing in a large financial corporation can cost thousands of unrecoverable dollars per minute of downtime, as well as many hours of recovery time to follow. Program and data corruption caused by a power interruption can create problems for software recovery operations that may take weeks to resolve. Many power problems originate in the commercial power grid, which, with its thousands of miles of transmission lines, is subject to weather conditions such as hurricanes, lightning storms, snow, ice, and flooding along with equipment failure, traffic accidents and major switching operations. Also, power problems affecting today’s technological equipment are often generated locally within a facility from any number of situations, such as local construction, heavy startup loads, faulty distribution components, and even typical background electrical noise