To protect data from being destroyed by natural disasters, human errors, and other factors, enterprises often house their information systems in private centers or shared centers. Enterprises also have recovery plans in place that contain step-by-step methods to secure data against threats, recover lost data, and resume operations after a disruption. Enterprises strive to prevent data , in which personal data is viewed, accessed, or retrieved without authorization. reduce the likelihood of deliberate attack. countermeasures shield vulnerabilities to render an attack unsuccessful. procedures reduce the effect of an attack. activities recognize attacks and trigger a corrective response. Unauthorized access to corporate information systems is a primary source of theft. Although consumers have little control over data that is stored on corporate systems, they can take steps to protect their identity by placing a(n) alert on their credit reports.