1. Discuss attribute semantics as an informal measure of goodness for a relation schema. 
2. Discuss insertion, deletion, and modification anomalies. Why are they considered bad? Illustrate with examples.
3. Define fourth normal form. When is it violated? When is it typically applicable?
4. Define join dependency and fifth normal form.
5. Why is 5NF also called project-join normal form (PJNF)?
6. Why do practical database designs typically aim for BCNF and not aim for higher normal forms?

Describe three characteristics of at-risk drivers. a. b. c. describe three characteristics of safe drivers. a. b. c. describe three driver errors that could cause a collision. a. b. c. how will this information affect you as a driver now and in the future? (2-3 sentences)

1. which of the following statements are true about routers and routing on the internet. choose two answers. a. protocols ensure that a single path between two computers is established before sending packets over it. b. routers are hierarchical and the "root" router is responsible for communicating to sub-routers the best paths for them to route internet traffic. c. a packet traveling between two computers on the internet may be rerouted many times along the way or even lost or "dropped". d. routers act independently and route packets as they see fit.

What are "open-loop" and "closed-loop" systems