Which statement best sums up the tone of the entire speech? a. the speech has an overall optimistic tone that balances authority, humility, and encouragement. b. the speech is generally full of humility, but it is sometimes too prideful. c. the speech has an overall demanding tone that is balanced with soft humility and light humor. d. the speech is mostly authoritarian with moments of candor and self-deprecation.

Which event is an example of a hortatory, or encouraging, technique? a. a hefty fine issued for driving more than 10 miles per hour over the speed limit b. a government program that provides citizens with new job-training opportunities c. a tax imposed on people who buy motorboats with large, loud engines d. a sign in a restaurant that states “think before you smoke—secondhand smoke kills” e. a tax credit that citizens purchase electric or hybrid vehicles