Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. The Mississippian culture developed complex, hierarchical societies with an elite ruling class. The people were primarily farmers of corn, beans, squash, and other plants, but they also hunted, fished, and gathered wild foods including nuts and fruits. They traded with neighboring groups for wild game and other things they needed. While many people lived in small farming hamlets, some of the Mississippian cultures’ permanent communities grew into large settlements.

The people probably came to the “big city” for special ceremonies, rituals, and to trade. The cities’ locations, along the floodplains of the Mississippi River and along rivers in the southeastern portion of the United States, allowed the people to establish long-distance trading networks. They used local raw materials and exotic materials traded from distant places to make or adorn cups, bowls, smoking pipes, beads, and other ornaments to wear. Everyday items, including ceramic bowls and stone tools, were finely crafted. Ritual items, including stone pipes, shell cups, copper earspools, and copper plates depicting human and animal figures, were created by master artists.

Details from the passage suggest that Mississippian culture was .

advanced in terms of social structure, trade, and art
simplistic and undeveloped culturally or economically
based exclusively on local products to support the economy
completely focused on agriculture

What to the slave is the fourth of july? by frederick douglass fellow-citizens—pardon me, and allow me to ask, why am i called upon to speak here to-day? what have i, or those i represent, to do with your national independence? are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that declaration of independence, extended to us? and am i, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits, and express devout gratitude for the blessings, resulting from your independence to us? but, such is not the state of the case. i say it with a sad sense of the disparity between us. i am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. the blessings in which you this day rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. the rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. the sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. this fourth of july is yours, not mine. you may rejoice, i must mourn. to drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? fellow-citizens, above your national, tumultuous joy, i hear the mournful wail of millions, whose chains, heavy and grievous yesterday, are to-day rendered more intolerable by the jubilant shouts that reach them. if i do forget, if i do not faithfully remember those bleeding children of sorrow this day, "may my right hand forget her cunning, and may my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth! " to forget them, to pass lightly over their wrongs, and to chime in with the popular theme, would be treason most scandalous and shocking, and would make me a reproach before god and the world. my subject, then, fellow-citizens, is american slavery. i shall see this day and its popular characteristics from the slave's point of view. standing there, identified with the american bondman, making his wrongs mine, i do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this fourth of july. whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. what is one of the lessons douglass impresses on his listeners? a) the nation should not rejoice until everyone has freedom. b) he must speak on the fourth of july in order to bring change. c) for him to join the celebration would be treason. d) he can see the perspective of slaves and citizens with equal clarity.

Select the correct answers. what does this passage reveal about eric and garrett? the biggest race on the warm-up field, eric went through his usual routine of stretching so he’d be fully prepared for the race. in what seemed like just a couple of minutes, he heard the announcer. “all 400-meter runners, make your way to your starting lanes.” as eric got into position, another runner named garrett taunted him. “you do know there’s no way you’re going to beat the speed of speed, don’t you? ” he said with a chuckle. eric pretended he didn’t hear garrett and cleared his mind of everything. the announcer yelled, “runners, take your mark, get set! ” as the starting gun sounded, eric took off with the rest of the runners. garrett immediately sprinted ahead of the pack, but eric hung back and kept a close eye on garrett. as they turned the last corner and headed down the straightaway, eric stayed focused and picked up his pace. soon he was running right beside garrett. just a few yards from the finish line, eric made a strong push. he crossed the finish line just a few feet ahead of garrett. a. garrett and eric are both overconfident about their speed. b. garrett likes to boast about himself, while eric is more modest. c. eric is focused, whereas garrett is distracted. d. eric believes in warming up, while garrett prefers to sprint.

Chan was leading a group discussion in his university. he discovered that a few participants were dominating the discussion and not letting others speak. what should chan do in such a situation a. chan should allow participants to speak until they are finished b. chan should adjourn the discussion and recommence at a later point c.chan should bar the dominant participants have the freedom to share their opinion d.chan should ensure that all participants have the freedom to share their opinion e.chan should restructure the group so that the dominant participants are isolated