How does an author create the unsettling atmosphere of psychological suspense?

There are four major steps that an author most follow when he wants to create an unsettling atmosphere of psychological suspense. The fiction genre is generally used for this purpose.

First, the plot has to be developed using mental activity instead of physical activity. Second, whether admitted or discovered there most be madness, and it has to be accentuated, prioritized or emphasized in order to be effective. Third, a different an ambiguous protagonist must be included by the author. Fourth, direction, control and specific attention to detail on the writing style is imperative. Only by following these steps, is the author ready to control and present the reader with an unsettling atmosphere of psychological suspense.

The Pit and the Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe who is a master in creating a sense of unsettling atmosphere of psychological suspense, is an excellent example with these characteristics. Through the use of uncommon dashes, and carefully selected words to help the reader visualized the actual motion of a pendulum that is systematically getting closer, Poe is able to create a horrific image that is very unsettling and specifically directed at the reader´s senses.  

hi there!

one thousand and one nights, also called the arabian nights is a collection of middle eastern tales compiled in arabic during the islamic golden age, dated from the 8th to the 14th century. this collection was compiled of largely middle eastern and indian stories with an uncertain date and autorship whose tales such as aladdin, ali baba and sinbad the sailor -these ones were the most popular ones, the ones that have almost become part of western folklore.

as in much medieval european literature, the stories contained in this collection are set within a frame story. its scene is central asia, as known as "the islands or peninsulae of india and china", where king shahryar kills his wife after discovering her infidelities and as well as any other who betrayed him.   then, loathing all womankind, he marries and kills his new wife each day until no more candidates could have been found. his vizier had two daughters, scheherezade and dunyazad. the elder one -scheherezade- having devised a scheme to save herself and the others insisted that her father needed to give her in marriage to the king. each evening, she used to tell a story leaving it incomplete and promising to finish it the following night. the stories kept the king very interested, so eager to hear evey ending of each story, that he puts off her execution from day to day and finally he decided to give up with his plan. these stories are contained within the collection of 1001 nights, the bulk of the text is in prose, although verse is usually used for songs and riddles to express better the heightened emotion of them.

anyone who was dealing with communism in soviet union in his time had an ideal picture of equality, freedom, the struggle of the working class for a better future, the success of the aristocracy's overthrow and the emancipation of subjugation.   however, anyone who would go to soviet union to see the functioning of the communist system, would be convinced that it was about sad people, about everyday bad life, about the brutal attitude of communist leaders, about ill obsession to completely exterminate every thought on aristocracy. thus, orwell wanted to show all the absurdity, the brutality of the system, the unbearable rule of suspicious morality, the ignorant people who try to play professionally.

the answers are: b. and e.