Definition: This is when the audience or the readers know something that the characters do not know. Example: In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo thinks that Juliet is dead and kills himself by drinking poison
because he cannot bear to live without her. The audience knows that she is not really dead.

The given question is incomplete, but from the answer, the likely question would be, "What is dramatic irony?"

Explanation:

This is because, the definition of dramatic irony is given, using the instance of the Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet.

Romeo believes that Juliet is dead, so he kills himself, whereas Juliet was still alive. He doesn't know this, but the audience does, which makes it a dramatic irony.

anyone who was dealing with communism in soviet union in his time had an ideal picture of equality, freedom, the struggle of the working class for a better future, the success of the aristocracy's overthrow and the emancipation of subjugation.   however, anyone who would go to soviet union to see the functioning of the communist system, would be convinced that it was about sad people, about everyday bad life, about the brutal attitude of communist leaders, about ill obsession to completely exterminate every thought on aristocracy. thus, orwell wanted to show all the absurdity, the brutality of the system, the unbearable rule of suspicious morality, the ignorant people who try to play professionally.

the answers are: b. and e.

to and without are prepositions, so a, b, and d are prepositional phrases. the adverb phrase is c, about the surprise.

explanation: