Factors that determine specific soil characteristics are
a. climate
c. time and slope
b. parent material
d. all of the above

the answer is "d"

(context) if you were to travel to the middle east and go into peoples homes there would be like 4 generations in there

(more context) i'm pretty sure in the middle east they take loyalty and family bonds very serious

(last bit of context) i'm also positive that extended families are most commonly found in urban areas

a characteristic is a deep cut in the earth or left over rock aka till.