How does geology affect the overall environmental conditions of an ecosystem?

If we look at the planet earth, we will find different forms of living being adapting in various ecosystem it means that not all creatures can survive in a harsh environment. Living organisms are made to adapt for particular places like in the cold or polar region, where we find animals with thick skin and in the equatorial region, animals having sophisticated internal cooling system etc.

The affect starts when we observe the change in environmental conditions such as a rise in temperature, which led to the destruction of coral reefs or unusual rain that can cause flooding etc. Human activities also cause a change in the environment such as mining, unregulated dumping of waste can also lead to the destruction of ecology.