Which of the following elements is released into the atmosphere by all of these processes:
1. volcanic outgassing
2. animal respiration and flatulence
3. burning of fossil fuels
4. metamorphism of limestone

Carbon

Explanation:Carbon is the element released by volcanic outgassing,animal respiration and flatulence,burning of fossil fuels and the metamorphism of limestone.

Volcanic outgassing is the release of carbon into the atmosphere mainly in the form of carbon monoxide.

Animal respiration and flatulence are process taking place in animals which leads to the release of carbon dioxide.

Burning of fossil fuels is the use of heat to breakdown fossil fuels such as petroleum leading to the release of Carbon.

Limestone metamorphism is the breakdown of limestone which leads to the release of Carbon to the atmosphere.

it depends on the situation, but in a definitional sense, irrendentism is more valid.

explanation:

the first phase of the government’s plan for settlement was building the transcontinental railroad. the railroad provided a way to bring settlers and manufactured goods west and ship their agricultural and mining produce east. the transcontinental railroad was an essential artery for rapid development of the frontier.

the second phase of the government’s plan was a liberal land distribution policy that made it possible for many people to homestead. with these two key elements—transportation and cheap land—the government rapidly achieved its goal of persuading people to move west, settle on farms, and push back the frontier.