Double click the icon for placemark G, and notice that placemarks G and H lie along the Bright Angel Trail (the dotted line on the map). a. The gradient of a surface is a way of expressing the steepness of the landscape by reporting the change in elevation that occurs over some horizontal distance. The gradient can then be easily calculated by dividing the rise in the landscape by the horizontal run required to gain that rise. Using the Status Bar at the bottom of the display, determine the elevation of placemark G and placemark H and calculate the rise, or change in elevation between them. Change in elevation, or rise, from G to H

since there isn't any suggested answers i will give you the reason and hopefully you can figure it

south africa, or rather all of africa, has not been in the location in which it is nowadays throughout the geological past. after the super-continent pangaea started to break apart, gondwanaland, in which was africa, moved further south, and parts of it came to be very close to the south pole. because the climate in this part of the world is very cold due to the very dispersed sun rays in there, what is now south africa, started to freeze, and the conditions were right for the formation of glaciers. the glaciers existed up until the period when gondwanaland started to break apart and what is now africa started to move towards north, sp it warmed up and the glaciers melted.