What are the limitation of variable proportions

I’m sorry i don’t know the answer

The answer is a. it makes more sense then the other answers listed there.

It's probably because the earth is actually tilted and is not straight when orbiting the sun. that's why when it's winter here, it's summer in the southern hemisphere. in the wintertime in the northern hemisphere, it's colder here because it's tilted away from the sun and the southern hemisphere is tilted closer to the sun (i believe this is the case anyways)

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.