How did differences between the states affect how they participate in the war?

The States that formed the Union were located in the north. They were characterized for the following:

Having a manufacturing based economy. Adopting many of the developments that were breaking through in Europe and locally.Their common position towards slavery was the abolition of it. This is why they were considered as "slave-free" states.

On the other hand, the states that formed the Confederacy were located in the south and were characterized by:

Having an agriculture-based economy. Benefitting themselves from the "cotton boom" which made them focus on the production of this good. They supported slavery, as they relied on it as a source of direct labor in agriculture and a change in this would directly affect the industry.