During the 16th and 17th centuries, both russia and france a) fell to foreign invaders. b) founded new world colonies. c) were ruled by totalitarian rulers. d) were led by republican governments.

i believe that it is c because Russia had no american colonies for another century, Russia didn't get invaded, and they had monarchs

c) were ruled by totalitarian rulers

The name of the dinasties that ruled for those corresponding centuries:

-France:

France in the Middle Ages and Early modern France

The House of Valois ruled in France from 1328 to 1589.   to the French throne, and were the royal house of France Junior members of the family founded cadet branches in Orléans, Anjou, Burgundy, and Alençon.

The House of Bourbon were a prominent European royal house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century.

-Russia

The House of Romanov was the reigning royal house of Russia datig 1613 to 1917. This royal family was one of the most totalitarian states and often rejected Political and social reforms that were taking place in the classic Europan states (as the legacy of the French Rev, and Napoleonic ideals were almost absent).

In both cases we see specially totalitarian regimes that expand territories (France ruled over Spain with the Borbons) and that consolidate power (The Russian Empire strecthed over small nations like the Baltic states, only to be challenged until the French Revolution 1789, and the Russian revolution in 1917 .

your stuuupid lolz

explanation:

to tell the truth it is a mix of the a and d because after the romans argued among themselves outside forces took control however it is mostly d.