In the modern political system, Democrats and Republicans are referred to as being on which sides of the political spectrum, respectively?

The democrats are the left and the republicans are the right.

the  equal rights amendment  (era) states: "equality  of  rights  under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex." congress first introduced the era in 1923, but the campaign for ratification took off in the 1960s during the  civil rightsmovement.