Columbus sailed from on august 3, 1492.

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.

equal area projections

equal-area projection. a projection in which regions on the earth's surface that are of equal area are represented as equal.