A religious heretic was known as a Catholic priest charged with converting others to Catholicism.
a person who tried to convert others to his or her religion.
an organization that punished those who did not follow Catholicism.
a person who held beliefs going against the teachings of a church.

a person who held beliefs going against the teachings of a church.

A heretic believed in other beliefs and spoke about those beliefs to be labeled. Heretics have historically been treated with force, violence, and punishment for their beliefs.

A famous heretic is Martin Luther who wrote the 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church and their practice of selling indulgences. His beliefs would lead to the Reformation, splitting of the Catholic Church into Protestant faiths. A violent reaction to heretics is the Inquisition which used torture to find people guilty of heresy or speaking out against the Church.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

in the 1800s, locomotives powered by steam made transportation faster and cheaper. the resulting rapid growth of railroads led to the connection of the atlantic and pacific railroad in oklahoma city in 1897.

in the last years of the century, the improvement of steam-based engines the expansion and growth of railroads. this growth increased when the companies started to build and expand, such as the atlantic and pacific railroad, which connected new mexico with california, and missouri with oklahoma. many of these new networks were built in oklahoma, and these changes transportation henceforward.