The realistic details shown in european paintings of the 14th and 15th centuries were made possible by the use of:

Oil painting

Explanation:

The period between the years 1400 and 1500 is very famous in Europe for it's artistic activities in painting, sculpture and architecture. This period is known as "quattrocento" as it coincided with the Florence Renaissance. Oil paintings were introduced from Northern Europe and they quickly attracted a lot of artists. It enabled the discovery of new ways of handling light as well as the sfumato and chiaroscuro tecniques. Oil painting maked it easy to fuse tones, it also helped painters obtain satisfactory linear treatmeant and crisp effects.

“the iliad” (gr: “iliás”) is an epic poem by the ancient greek poet homer, which recounts some of the significant events of the final weeks of the trojan war and the greek siege of the city of troy (which was also known as ilion, ilios or ilium in ancient times).