If we have a 90% confidence interval for a population parameter, then a. 10% of the time, the population parameter will lie outside of the interval. b. 10% of the time, the population parameter will be lower than the lcl. c. 10% of the time, the population parameter will be higher than the ucl. d. all of the above will hold.

A. 10% of the time, the population parameter will lie outside of the interval.

Step-by-step explanation:

If we have confidence interval is that we are certain that it contains the true population parameter in it.

Similarly , if  we have a 90% confidence interval for a population parameter, then we are 90% certain that it contains the true population parameter in it.

i.e. 10% not certain that it contains the true population parameter in it.

i.e. 10% of the time, the population parameter will lie outside of the interval.