On a standard 8×8 chessboard (alternating black and white squares), label the rows and columns . you pick a square at random. are these events independent. (a) a = {white square}; b = {black square}. (b) a = {even row}; b = {even column}. (c) a = {white square}; b = {even column}.

Only option 'a' are independent events.

Step-by-step explanation:

Since we have given that

8 × 8 chess board.

(a) A = {white square}; B = {black square}.

Since no white squares can be black squares.

So, A and B are independent events .

(b) A = {even row}; B = {even column}.

There is possibilities of even row and even column both.

i.e. (2,2) (2,4) etc.

So, A and B are not dependent.

(c) A = {white square}; B = {even column}.

Since there are possibilities of white square of even column.

W2, W4, W6, W8

So, they are not independent.

Hence, only option 'a' are independent events.

the answer to the expression is 83