Identify the type of sampling bias guaranteed to occur in each of the sampling schemes, based on the information provided. Some sampling schemes may incur multiple types of bias. A political poll is conducted by contacting people on landline phones. The pollsters did not keep track of how many people they contacted who did not respond. A political poll is administered by contacting people on landline phones. The pollsters contacted 20,000 households, and 4747 individuals agreed to speak with the caller. A political poll is conducted by setting up a booth at a local shopping mall and inviting passersby to share their opinions. A political poll asks the question, "If you found out that Candidate A was given a large sum of money by Special Interest Group B, would that change your opinion of how hypocritical Candidate A is?"

The type of sampling bias which are used in the following scenarios include:

This refers to the selection of a member of a population based on certain conditions or characteristics in a way that they have a higher chance of being selected.  

For example, survivorship bias has to do with the logical error which occurs when a member of a population is selected and some other members are ignored, because of visibility issues.

Read more about sampling bias here:

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1. Survivorship bias

2a. Self-selection bias

2b. Undercoverage bias

3. Voluntary response bias

4. Response bias

Step-by-step explanation:

Sampling bias occurs when a representative of a population was chosen in such a way that aspects of the population had a lower probability of being sampled. For the given scenarios;

1. A political poll is conducted by contacting people on landline phones. The pollsters did not keep track of how many people they contacted who did not respond. : This is Survivorship bias. It occurs when the polled results which are recorded at the end, are not a random set of those present at the start of the polls. Polls who fell out of view are ignored.

2. A political poll is administered by contacting people on landline phones. The pollsters contacted 20,000 households and 4747 agreed to speak with the callers. : It is both Self - selection bias and Undercoverage bias. Self - selection bias occurs when a small sample that is not representative of the entire population voluntarily participates in a survey. Their opinion might not represent those of the entire population. It is also Undercoverage bias because just a few segments of the entire population were surveyed.

3. A political poll is conducted by setting up a booth at a local shopping mall and inviting passersby to share their opinions. : It is a Voluntary Response bias because the volunteers are self - selected. The passersby could decide or decide not to participate.

4. A political poll asks the question, ' If you found out that candidate A was given a large sum of money by special interest group B, would that change your opinion of how hypocritical candidate A is?': It is

a Response bias because the question is worded in such a way as to solicit some sort of biased response.