The article cited in Exercise 41 in Chapter 7 gave the following data on work of adhesion measurements (in mJ/m2) for samples of ultra-high performance concrete adhered to two types of substrates:

Substrate Observations
Steel: 107.1 109.5 107.4 106.8 108.1
Glass: 122.4 124.6 121.6 120.6 123.3

Assuming that both samples were selected from normal distributions, carry out a test of hypotheses to decide whether the true average work of adhesion for the glass substrate is more than 12 mJ/m2 higher than that for the steel substrate

Step-by-step explanation:

Hello!

You have the information of two samples taken from two different normal populations,

Sample 1

Steel: 107.1, 109.5, 107.4, 106.8, 108.1

X₁: work adhesion of ultra-high performance concrete to the steel substrate (mj/m²)

n₁= 5

X[bar]₁= 107.78

S₁²= 1.16

S₁= 1.08

Sample 2

Glass: 122.4, 124.6, 121.6, 120.6, 123.3

X₂: work adhesion of ultra-high performance concrete to the glass substrate (mj/m²)

n₂= 5

X[bar]₂= 122.50

S₂²= 2.37

S₂= 1.54

You need to test the claim that the mean work of adhesion for the glass substrate is more than 12 mj/m² higher than that for the steel substrate, i.e. that the difference between the mean work adhesion for the glass substrate and the mean work adhesion for the steel substrate is greater than 12 mj/m², symbolically: μ₂ - μ₁ > 12

Then the statistic hypotheses are:

H₀: μ₂ - μ₁ ≤ 12

H₁: μ₂ - μ₁ > 12

There is no significant level listed, I'll use 5%

Since both populations are normal and the sample sizes are quite small beside the population variances are unknown but can be assumed equal, you have to use a t-test for independent samples and pooled sample variance:

Using the critical value approach, this test is one-tailed to the right, which means that you will reject the null hypothesis at great values of t, the critical value is:

The deicision rule is:

If ≥ 1.860, you reject the null hypothesis

If < 1.860, you do not reject the null hypothesis.

The calculated t-value is greater than the critical value, the decision is to reject the null hypothesis.

Using a significance level of 5% there is significant evidence to conclude that the true average work of adhesion for the glass substrate is more than 12 mj/m² higher than that for the steel substrate.

I hope you have a SUPER day!

b

step-by-step explanation:

the total is 23.97. 0.25% is off so you have to subtracting 25% from 100% and you will get 75% if you convert it to decimal you will get 0.75. you have to find the original because the formula is % times original = total.so you have the total and the % so you just have to plug it in.

-12 > a

step-by-step explanation:

-11 > 1 + a

subtract 1 from each side

-11 -1> 1 -1+ a

-12 > a