Do political science classes require less writing than history classes? The 55 randomly selected political science classes assigned an average of 16.3 pages of essay writing for the course. The standard deviation for these 55 classes was 4.8 pages. The 54 randomly selected history classes assigned an average of 18.9 pages of essay writing for the course. The standard deviation for these 54 classes was 5 pages. What can be concluded at the α = 0.01 level of significance?

We conclude that political science classes require less writing time than history classes at 0.01 level of significance.

Step-by-step explanation:

We are given that the 55 randomly selected political science classes assigned an average of 16.3 pages of essay writing for the course. The standard deviation for these 55 classes was 4.8 pages.

The 54 randomly selected history classes assigned an average of 18.9 pages of essay writing for the course. The standard deviation for these 54 classes was 5 pages.

Let = average writing time required by political science classes.

= average writing time required by history classes.

So, Null Hypothesis, :      {means that political science classes require more or equal writing time than history classes}

Alternate Hypothesis, :      {means that political science classes require less writing time than history classes}

The test statistics that would be used here Two-sample t test statistics as we don't know about the population standard deviation;

                     T.S. =   ~

where, = sample average pages of essay writing for political science classes = 16.3 pages

= sample average pages of essay writing for history classes = 18.9 pages

= sample standard deviation for political science classes = 4.8 pages

= sample standard deviation for history classes = 5 pages

= sample of political science classes = 55

= sample of history classes = 54

Also,    =   = 4.90

So, test statistics  =    ~

                               =  -2.77

The value of t test statistics is -2.77.

Now, at 0.01 significance level the t table gives critical value of -2.365 at 107 degree of freedom for left-tailed test.

Since our test statistics is less than the critical value of t, so we have sufficient evidence to reject our null hypothesis as it will fall in the rejection region due to which we reject our null hypothesis.

Therefore, we conclude that political science classes require less writing time than history classes.

step-by-step explanation:

to determine whether a given function is even, we simply substitute x with -x in the expression. if the result after simplification is identical to the original equation, then the function is said to be even other wise odd.

f(-x) = (-x)^2 - (-x) + 8

      = x^2 + x +8

the resulting function is not identical to the original one;

f(-x) ≠ f(x)

therefore, f(x) is not an even function