The magnitude M of a star is a measure of how bright a star appears to the human eye. It is defined by

M = -2.5 log(B/B₀),

where B is the actual brightness of the star and B₀ is a constant.

(a) Expand the right-hand side of the equation.

(b) Betelgeuse is about 100 times brighter than Albiero. Use part (a) to show that Betelgeuse is 5 magnitudes less bright than Albiero. Let B1 be the brightness of the star Albiero and M1 be its magnitude.

Then 100B1 is the brightness of Betelgeuse, and its magnitude is .

answer:   segregation violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment, which holds that no state can “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

details/explanation:

brown v. board of education of topeka, decided by the us supreme court in 1954, ruled that all americans are entitled to the same civil liberties and protections in regard to access to education. until that decision, it was legal to segregate schools according to race, so that black students could not attend the same schools as white students.   an older supreme court decision, plessy v. ferguson (1896), had said that separate, segregated public facilities were acceptable as long as the facilities offered were equal in quality.   in the case of brown v. board of education, that standard was challenged and defeated.   segregation was shown to create inequality, and the supreme court unanimously ruled segregation to be unconstitutional.

the ruling was important in advancing civil rights because it affirmed that the 14th amendment applies to all rights and privileges of citizens, including access to   education.   this was being violated by states whose laws supported the segregation of schools.   section 1 of the 14th amendment reads as follows:

tangent

step-by-step explanation:

no idea

step-by-step explanation: