A program evaluator wanted to know if a combination of experience and education gave leadership candidates an advantage in meeting job performance standards better than experience alone, or education alone. There were a total of 39 candidates who had both experience and education, and 200 candidates who had either experience or education. Of the candidates who had both experience and education, 21 met the standards, while 18 did not meet the standards. Of the candidates who had only experience or education, 100 met the standards, and 100 did not meet the standards. Select the correct statistical test to determine if there is a relationship between preparation and meeting the standards, calculate the results, and communicate the results.

a. None of the choices are correct.
b. A chi-square test would be the best choice for examining observed data. The results are significant, (X 2 [ 1, N = 239] = 0.19, p < .05). This means that there was a relationship between preparation and meeting the standards, we reject the null hypothesis that the variables are independent.
c. A chi-square test would be the best choice for examining observed data. The results are not significant (X 2 [ 1, N = 239] = 0.19, p> .05). This means that there was not a relationship between preparation and meeting the standards, we retain the null hypothesis that the variables are independent.
d. A Spearman's rs is the best choice. The test reveals that there is a strong correlation between preparation and meeting the standards (rs = [237] = 1.00, p < .05). This means there is a relationship between the variables.