4. Johnny exerts a 3.55 N rightward force on a 0.200-kg box to accelerate it across a low-friction track. If the total resistance force to the motion of the cart is 0.52 N, then a) What is the box's acceleration? b) What is the gravitational force? c) What is the normal force?

a)

b) 1.96 N

c) 1.96 N

Explanation:

a)

To find the acceleration of the box, we apply Newton's second law of motion:

where

is the net force on the box

m is the mass of the box

a is its acceleration

Here we have to consider the horizontal direction, which is the one in which the box is moving. The net force is given by:

which is the difference between the forward force and the resistive force. Then we have

m = 0.200 kg (mass of the box)

Therefore, the acceleration of the box is:

b)

The gravitational force (also called weight) is the force with which an object is pulled by the Earth towards the Earth's centre.

It is given by

where

m is the mass of the object

g is the acceleration due to gravity

In this problem, we have:

m = 0.200 kg is the mass of the box

is the acceleration due to gravity

Therefore, the gravitational force on the box is:

c)

The normal force is the force with which a surface pushes back on an object.

For an object lying on a flat surface, there are two forces acting along the vertical direction:

- The gravitational force, , which pushes the object downward

- The normal force, N, which pushes the object upward

As the object is at rest, the vertical acceleration of the object is zero, therefore according to Newton's second law of motion, the net force must be zero:

Which means that the normal force is equal to the gravitational force:

And so, for the box in this problem, the normal force is

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