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1.) Describe the processes of fuel ignition and combustion.
2.) List the requirements of a practical fuel.
3.) Number the statements listed below in the order that they would occur in engine operation. Then, label these stages as intake, compression, power, or exhaust.

a. The fuel mixture is ignited by the spark plug, and the resulting explosion forces the piston down in the cylinder.
b. The piston rises and compresses the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
c. The exhaust gases left over from the combustion are released from the cylinder.
d. A mixture of air and fuel is drawn into the cylinder.

4.) Identify the part or item associated with the internal-combustion engine that the statement is describing. Choose from the following parts: cylinder, engine block, piston, cylinder head, combustion chamber, intake valve, exhaust valve, spark plug, stroke, and crankshaft.

a. The metal cover that seals the top of the cylinder
b. The valve that allows burned gases (waste products) to vent out of the cylinder
c. A solid metal into which the cylinder is drilled
d. The total distance that the piston moves from the top of the cylinder to the bottom
e. A can-shaped component that can move smoothly up and down inside the cylinder
f. The valve that allows the air-and-fuel mixture to be delivered to the cylinder
g. A hollow metal tube drilled into the solid metal engine block
h. The open area located above the piston, positioned at the very top of the cylinder (This is where the air and gasoline mix and burn to produce power.)
i. Piece connected to the piston by a connecting rod (With the rod, this part converts the up-and-down motion of the piston to rotary motion, which makes the car move forward.
j. Part screwed into a hole in the cylinder head and used to make sparks that will ignite the air-and-fuel mixture in the cylinder and cause it to burn.

5.) Compare and contrast turbojet and rocket engines.
6.) List the types of fuels suitable for rocket engines.

Fuels contain stored chemical energy that can be released when the temperature of the fuel becomes high enough. When this energy is released, combustion occurs. The combustion process involves the chemical combination of one or more of the fuel’s elements with oxygen from the air. The fuel is burned, and most of the chemical energy in the fuel is converted to light and heat. Before the combustible element(s) in the fuel can unite with oxygen fast enough to combust, the temperature of the fuel must be raised to an ignition point. This point depends on the fuel.

A practical fuel must

Contain a large amount of stored energy

Be composed mainly of elements that combine readily with oxygen

Either occur in large quantities in nature or be easily produced from natural materials

a. 3—Power

b. 2—Compression

c. 4—Exhaust

d. 1—Intake

a. cylinder head

b. exhaust valve

c. engine block

d. stroke

e. piston

f. intake valve

g. cylinder

h. combustion chamber

i. crankshaft

j. spark plug

In a turbojet engine, air passes through an inlet case and through the compressor, which is driven by a turbine. Compressed air sustains the burning of oil in the combustion chamber. The gases produced by burning expand and move with great velocity toward the back of the engine. The reaction force to the movement of the gases propels the engine forward.

In a rocket engine, fuel and oxidizers must be fed gradually into the combustion chamber to control the rate of combustion. (If a solid fuel is used, the oxidizer is diffused through the fuel in the mixture and then placed in the combustion chamber before ignition.)

The main difference between a jet engine and a rocket engine is that the combustion of the fuel in a rocket engine doesn’t depend on oxygen from the air. Rockets use oxidizers instead. In other words, a jet engine uses the oxygen in the air to support the combustion of its fuel, whereas the rocket engine carries its own oxygen supply.

Rocket engines can use the following liquid fuels:

Ethyl alcohol

Gasoline

Kerosene

Liquid hydrogen

Ammonia

Solid fuels may be combined with a base consisting of asphaltic oil, plastic, or rubber.

Explanation:

which statement about this sum is true? −245+2.7