Nitration of an aromatic ring involves an electrophilic substitution reaction. Draw the structure of the electrophile that is attacked by the aromatic ring and the intermediate formed after attachment of the electrophile to the ring. Be sure to show formal charges.

See explanation for details

Explanation:

The full mechanism of the nitration of an aromatic ring (benzene) is shown in the image attached. The electrophile is NO2^+. It us generated from HNO3/H2SO4. it attacks the benzene ring and leads to the formation of a delocalized intermediate which rearranges to form the product, in this case, nitrobenzene. Note that the intermediate can also be represented by a number of resonance structures.

electric field is a function of 1/r^2

yes, the force per unit charge for a point charge is inverse square law.