A simple thermocouple circuit, which is composed of type-J thermocouples, is used to measure the temperature of a gas. The open circuit voltage, V0, oscillates in a sinusoidal fashion with a mean of 4.997 mV, an amplitude of 0.541 mV, and a frequency of 2.1 Hz. The measurement system has the time constant τ = 1.7 s. The reference junction temperature is measured with a platinum RTD (a = 0.003927 °C^-1) where R = 1.0275 W and R0 = 1.0000 W with T0 = 25 °C. Calculate the following quantities:

a. The mean gas temperature.
b. The amplitude of the fluctuating gas temperature.

Chapter 23, problem 075 the figure shows a geiger counter, a device used to detect ionizing radiation (radiation that causes ionization of atoms). the counter consists of a thin, positively charged central wire surrounded by a concentric, circular, conducting cylindrical shell with an equal negative charge. thus, a strong radial electric field is set up inside the shell. the shell contains a low-pressure inert gas. a particle of radiation entering the device through the shell wall ionizes a few of the gas atoms. the resulting free electrons (e) are drawn to the positive wire. however, the electric field is so intense that, between collisions with gas atoms, the free electrons gain energy sufficient to ionize these atoms also. more free electrons are thereby created, and the process is repeated until the electrons reach the wire. the resulting "avalanche" of electrons is collected by the wire, generating a signal that is used to record the passage of the original particle of radiation. suppose the radius of the central wire is 24 âµm, the inner radius of the shell 2.3 cm, and the length of the shell 14 cm. if the electric field at the shell's inner wall is 2.8 ă— 104 n/c, what is the total positive charge on the central wire?

Carbon 14 is a naturally occurring stable

The electric potential a distance r from a small charge is proportional to what power of the distance from the charge? a. r^-1 b. r c. r^-2 d. r^2