What happens along a divergent boundary?

Can someone explain to me how to do this problem ?

Shelly experiences a backward jolt when the driver starts the school bus. which of the following explains this phenomenon? a. the inertia of shelly b. the inertia of the bus c. the normal force of the seats on shelly d. the net force acting on shelly in a backward direction e. a zero net force acting on shelly

The intensity, or loudness, of a sound can be measured in decibels (db), according to the equation , where i is the intensity of a given sound and is the threshold of hearing intensity. what is the intensity, in decibels, [i(db)], when ? use a calculator. round to the nearest whole number. 8 9 19 80