Why don't we breathe when we talk?

Which of the following changes to a pipe would increase the conductance by a factor of 12? 1.quadrupling the length and tripling the radius.2.reducing the length by a factor of and doubling the radius.3.tripling the length and reducing the radius by a factor of .4.reducing the length but a factor of and doubling the radius.

As part of an industrial process, air as an ideal gas at 10 bar, 400k expands at steady state through a valve to a pressure of 4 bar. the mass flow rate of air is 0.5 kg/s. the air then passes through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to a temperature of 295k with negligible change in pressure. the valve can be modeled as a throttling process, and kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. (a) for a control volume enclosing the valve and heat exchanger and enough of the local surroundings that the heat transfer occurs at the ambient temperature of 295 k, determine the rate of entropy production, in kw/k. (b) if the expansion valve were replaced by an adiabatic turbine operating isentropically, what would be the entropy production? compare the results of parts (a) and (b) and discuss.

(2) (a) you have a simple circuit that consists of only a battery (δvbat=1.5v) and two resistors with resistance r1=10ω and r2=5ω, connected in series with each other. what is the current running through the battery? (b) you re-arrange your circuit so now r2 is attached in parallel to r1 rather than in series. what is the current running through the battery? (c) you add an additional resistor r3=7ω on the same branch as r2. what is the current running through the battery? (d) what is the power dissipated in r3?